Martin Luther King And Malcolm X Two Men Vying For Essays

Martin Luther King And Malcolm X Two Men Vying For Essays Martin Luther King And Malcolm X Two Men Vying For The Same Outcome Martin Luther King and Malcolm X two men vying for the same outcome but each at opposite sides of the spectrum. King was raised in a comfortable middle-class family where education was stressed. On the other hand, Malcolm X came from an underprivileged home. He was a self-taught man who received little schooling and rose to greatness on his own intelligence and determination. Martin Luther King was born into a family whose name in Atlanta was well established. Despite segregation, Martin Luther King's parents ensured that their child was secure and happy. Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 and was raised in a completely different atmosphere than King, an atmosphere of fear and anger where the seeds of bitterness were planted. The burning of his house by the Ku Klux Klan resulted in the murder of his father. His mother later suffered a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. He was haunted by this early nightmare for most of his life. From then on, he was driven by hatred and a desire for revenge. Each mans childhood upbringing I believe was responsible for their later assault on Civil Rights Both men ultimately became towering icons of contemporary African-American culture and had a great influence on black Americans. However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X, believing that through peaceful demonstrations and arguments, blacks will be able to someday procure full equality with whites. Malcolm X's despair about life was reflected in his angry, pessimistic belief that equality is impossible because whites have no moral conscience. King basically adopted on an intergrationalist philosophy, whereby he felt that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace. Malcolm X, however, promoted nationalist and separatist doctrines. For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. Both X and King spread their message through powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. King was basically a peaceful leader who urged non-violence to his followers. He traveled about the country giving speeches that inspired black and white listeners to work together for racial harmony. (pg. 135, Martin Luther King Jr. and the Freedom Movement) Malcolm X, for the most part, believed that non-violence and integration was a trick by the whites to keep blacks in their places. He was furious at white racism and encouraged his followers through his speeches to rise up and protest against their white enemies. After Malcolm X broke away from Elijah Mohammed, this change is reflected in his more moderate speeches. Malcolm X and Martin Luther King's childhood's had powerful influences on the men and their speeches. Malcolm X was brought up in an atmosphere of violence. During his childhood, Malcolm X suffered not only from abuse by whites, but also from domestic violence. His father beat his mother and both of them abused their children. His mother was forced to raise eight children during the depression. After his mother had a mental breakdown, the children were all placed in foster homes. Malcolm X's resentment was increased as he suffered through the ravages of integrated schooling. Although an intelligent student who shared the dream of being a lawyer with Martin Luther King, Malcolm X's anger and disillusionment caused him to drop out of school. He started to use cocaine and set up a burglary ring to support his expensive habit. Malcolm X's hostility and promotion of violence as a way of getting change was well established in his childhood. Martin Luther King lived in an entirely different environment. He was a smart student and skipped two grades before entering an ivy league college at only the age of 15. He was the class valedictorian with an A average. King paraded his graduation present in a new green Chevrolet before his fellow graduates. He was raised in the perfect environment where dreams and love were generated. King and X's childhood's are a study in polarity. (pg. 254, Reflecting Black) Whereas, Malcolm X was raised in nightmarish conditions. King's home was almost dream-like. He was raised

Take Off That Mask Essays - English-language Films, Boxing Films

Take Off That Mask Essays - English-language Films, Boxing Films Take Off That Mask Take Off That Mask As sad as it seem first impressions often dictate the way people feel about one another. In most cases the way a person looks doesnt at all reflect on their personality. This stigma of the way a person looks goes far beyond being pretty and ugly. All to often people are assumed mentally retarded because of a facial deformity when in fact that person is as able or in many cases more then able to perform and task they are asked to perform. Ironically in this modern society where such stigmas exist, some movies are able change our thinking if not remove the stigmas altogether. The film Mask is a perfect example. This movie shows the stigmas for what they are and at the same time changes our impression of facial deformity. This movie enables anyone who views it look at a person and see them for who they are and not what they look like. The film Mask we see the story of Rocky Denis, played by Eric Stoltz, is a teenage boy dealing with the effects of craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia also known as Lionitis, is a life shortening disease that causes calcium to accumulate in the skull. The calcium make the head grow to twice the normal size. Rocky obviously does not look like the average teenager. This is an observation we can see right away. Outside of the way Rocky looks his lifestyle is also slightly different from most teens. His mother Rusty, played by Cher, is affiliated with a gang of bikers. She drinks and uses drugs, and although she seems to try and hide these things from Rocky he is well aware of what his mother is doing. The movie is quick to bring some of the stigmas about Rockys disorder to our attention. In two scenes we see how people outside of Rockys immediate family treat his disorder. First we see how the principal of the local public junior high school views Rocky. He tells Rocky and Rusty that, There are special schools for children like Rocky, the principal upon looking at Rocky immediately thinks he is mentally retarded. Rusty shows him this is far from the truth by giving the principal his grades from lower levels of schooling. She then threatens to sue the school if he does not enroll Rocky. Rocky shows the principal a thing or two when he goes on to graduate with awards for excellence in almost every academic subject. The principal also shows Rocky a little surprise when he offers him a job at a summer camp for blind children. The second scene is particularly disturbing because it takes place in a hospital. In this scene a doctor that is not familiar with Rockys case tries to explain to Rocky and Rusty the unfortunate truth of his life expectancy. Rocky and Rusty deal with the situation by pretty much brushing off everything the young doctor says. The reason this scene is disturbing is because the doctor inadvertently makes himself no better then a common person misjudging Rocky. The one place you would think Rocky can be free from these stigmas seems to be worse then the outside world when a doctor gives off the emotions of a person seeing Rocky for the first time. The film again captures the view of Rockys face and the first impression people have when Rocky goes to his first day of school. At the junior high school the students see him and make their impression and Rocky carries on as he always has. The students seem to overlook the fact that a biker from the gang dropped Rocky off at the school. In most junior high schools a student that is dropped off by a biker would get the full attention of bystanders. In this case all they notice is Rockys facial deformity. As time passes the students like the principal accept Rocky for who he is. The acceptance of who he is is a very important theme that constantly comes up in the movie. At one point Rocky gets in an argument with his mother in which he asks her Dont you get it, its girls?

Week 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 11 - Essay Example I believe government resources are for the benefit of every ones use, and by protecting them, it gives me an opportunity to contribute to the aspect of nation building. Another reason for my interest in the profession is that I am knowledgeable of the American constitution and the various laws operating within different states of America. I want to apply this knowledge into serving my country. Finally, the job provides a stable income, which is lucrative. The estimated average salary of a state trooper is $ 48,000 (Lim and Kirsten, 12). Ten years from now, I am planning to serve the government as a FBI agent. This is a national duty, as I will be serving the Federal government (Lim and Kirsten, 32). My reason for an interest in this job is to apply the skills I gained as a state trooper, in ensuring that there is law and order to the citizens of the country. My short term goals are to advance my studies, and acquire a master’s degree in criminology. I believe this degree will give me sufficient skills that will help in ensuring that I discharge my duties, as a state trooper and FBI agent efficiently, and effectively. My long term goals, is to one day head a security organ within the state level of the national level. This can either be the State police unit, the FBI unit, or even the States intelligence units. To achieve these goals, I need to work hard, not only in attaining my graduate degree in criminology, but also in while discharging my duties. This will ensure that I get positive performance appraisals, and thereby giving me an opportunity to move up the

International Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Business Environment - Essay Example This essay talks that the ability of organizations to succeed in the global business environment is related to a series of factors, including the resources available, the organizational objectives and the network of each firm’s strategic alliances, both locally and globally. At this point, the following problem has appeared: is the global business environment able to affect organizational performance? The performance of a Multinational Enterprise in the context of the global business environment is explored in this paper. Reference is made to Toyota and the challenges that the particular organization faces under the pressures by the global business environment. This report makes a conclusion that the success of Toyota in the global market cannot be doubted. However, the stabilization in the firm’s productivity, as reflected in the financial results of the organization presented in section 4 above, leads to the following assumption: for the last years, i.e. from 2010 onwards the firm has been unable to improve its performance, meaning that it has not been able in competing effectively. The conditions in the international business environment, as explained above using the PESTLE analysis are highly responsible for the specific outcome. In this condition, it can be stated that the power of the firm in the global automotive industry is threatened, since a decline in the firm’s profits is always possible to start. Therefore, the stabilization and the future growth of the firm is depended on the review and the update of its strategic priorities, according to the trends in the international business environment, as analyzed above.

Jubilee Essay Example for Free

Jubilee Essay â€Å"Jubilee† is a narrative written by Margaret Walker and was first published in 1966. The writer, instructor as well as intellectual was born in 1915 and is best recognized for her civil war narrative Jubilee as well as for her influential anthology of poems concerning ethnic assertion. Walker’s narrative is one of the initial tales to present the African-American’s nineteenth century experience within the South from a feminine as well as a black’s perspective. The narrative won the Houghton Mifflins Literary Fellowship Award, and is a fictionalized explanation of the life of Margaret Duggans Ware Brown, Walker’s great-grandmother who was born in Dawson in Terrell state as a slave and lived during reconstruction inside South West Georgia. The narrative is based on tales Walker’s maternal grandmother narrated to her. (Walker. M, 1999) The seriously celebrated historical narrative/long fiction centers on the story of Vyry, a bi-racial slave in the Civil War in America and deals with a number of subjects like racism, freedom, slaves or slavery, Civil war, women, christianity, reconstruction, African- Americans among other major themes. The narrative is set in Georgia and afterward in diverse sections of Alabama during the mid-1800s prior to, during, as well as following the civil war. The following is an explanation of the setting in place and time, the manner in which the author takes the reader there, the major characters, the history studied from the narrative, what the reader can study concerning civil war, slavery and reconstruction, whether the author views slavery as paternalistic or autocratic as well as what the narrative states concerning why reconstruction was not successful.

Jordans back :: essays research papers

College athletics have always been one of American's favorite pastimes. We as Americans love the thrill of hard competition. College athletics have always been at the heart of this competitive rush. They have always been something more pure than professional athletics, more than just the money. In recent years, college athletics have changed for the worse. Players have drifted away from what it used to mean to play college sports. They have fallen into illegal activities and have left fans disappointed. One of the reasons for this change is the lack of funds for the players. There are many benefits to paying college athletes. In many cases, athletes who go to school on scholarships are treated differently than academic scholarship recipients. The N.C.A.A. should not have jurisdiction over a player’s earnings outside his sports participation. The rules need to be looked at and changed. Even if each and every one of its ruler-to-the-wrist regulations was written for a sound reason, the collective impact is that the NCAA’s treatment of the student-athlete has become unnecessarily punitive and hopelessly out-of-date (McCallum, 1996). One of the biggest complaints lately from college basketball fans is that too many athletes are leaving college early to enter the draft. Some athletes are even going directly from high school to the NBA and skipping college altogether. A record number of athletes who were still eligible to play college ball entered the National Basketball Association draft. There are also plans for two new professional leagues for teen-agers, which threaten to diminish the talent pool for college teams (Blum, 1996). This upsets college fans because they don't get to see the best guys play for their school. The nation’s top high-school player, Kobe Bryant, was one of a few high school seniors who declared themselves eligible for the draft (Blum, 1996). Fans like to get to know a team and support it but at the same time, become frustrated because of players leaving. Officials of big-time basketball programs are taking a new look at their sport, arguably the NCAA, the most popular and lucrative, because of worries that it can no longer hang on to or even attract the game's biggest stars (Blum, 1996). The biggest and most obvious reason for basketball players to skip out on college and to enter into the draft is because of the big money. Many players come from poor families and run down neighborhoods.

History Museum Visit Essay

Located on the coast of southern California is the city of La Jolla. Now home to almost 40,000 people, this city shares its own historical story from the past one hundred and fifty years through a series of presentations located within three historical structures. These three structures include, The Westeria Cottage, Carriage House and the Current Headquarters. Each structure contributes its portion in putting together the La Jolla’s Historical Society. Currently, the structures are featuring, Home front La Jolla : An American Community during World War 11. The series includes multiple rooms dedicated to different parts in history, along with the different aspects going on during the war. Each room featured many photographs, artifacts and personal stories to exploit the hardship of these times in our history. Many of these items were either donated or loaned by the Veterans Museum in Balboa Park and the Japanese American Historical Society of San Diego. While researching for museums, early in February I came across the main website for these historical sites. It caught my eye because I knew that this exhibit would cast a different kind of perspective than other grand museums. There are a ton of histories on World War II, but there are very few on the home front experience. The La Jolla Historical Society presents a perspective from its society, and shares multiple personal oral stories from its own residents who lived through the war or their surviving relatives, which I found fascinating. It is catered specifically to the effects of World War II on La Jollians. The oral stories provided by this exhibit are not only about what these residents remember about World War II, but also an intake of what life was like beyond that. I viewed this as a much different approach, but was very excited to begin my experience because I knew it would be something new. On April 7th, 2012, I took the opportunity to travel down to La Jolla and visit the museum. The museum is open Thursday-Sunday, Noon to four PM and does not have a fee at all. I was also fortunate to be able to attend on a day where there was a given lecture at five PM, giving me enough time to grab an early dinner before returning again. The lecture, Science & Technology on the Home front, was covered by an oceanographer and U.S Army veteran Walter Munk. He discussed the scientific innovations sparked by the needs of the war effort precipitating a boom in the fields of marine sciences and aeronautics. Entering the museum, I was introduced into a grand room that was divided up by glass cylinders, and it also offered entrances to many other rooms. Initially where you begin the journey, the right wall played an introduction role. It began with the year of 1894, displaying numerous photographs creating an idea of how life was like in La Jolla at the time. â€Å"Everyone knew everyone† quoted by Maurice Bonny was stated at the top of the wall. Photographs included vacation sports such as the La Jolla Caves, as well as the role of the newly invented Trains and Trolleys played and daily lifestyle activities such as golfing and beachside activities. Continuing along, stood in front of me a large wall with a devastating photograph of the explosives on December 7th, 1941. Underneath was the original copy of the U.S Navy Communication Service from that given day, along with an article written the following day by John MaxConnel. This portion of the exhibit also feautured my first chosen artifact, a scrapbook. The oral history of a World War II veteran, Don Shutte, was done by a La Jolla High School student named Ana Ofresky, especially for this exhibit. Don Schutte donated a scrapbook of artifacts of things throughout his experience. It contained images, personal sketches and official documents, including the telegram the Department of War sent to his parents notifying them of his status as missing in action and a POW identification card he was given by the German Army upon his capture and imprisonment during the Battle of Bulge, on December 16, 1944. The final page of the scrapbook contains a letter he wrote to himself on Dec. 2, 1945, stating: â€Å"Hello there, great to be a civilian, isn’t it?† I found this a significant artifact because it told a story of just one man involved in the war in a very unique way. The documents inside this scrapbook were all original and of items I had never se en before. On the opposite side of the room was a large wall which featured certain camps that La Jolla was hosting at the time. These camps included Camp Callan, Camp Mathews and a military base in Bird Rock. Camp Calvin B. Mathews, also known as Marine Corps. Rifle Range was a military base from 1917 to 1964. It was used as a marksmanship training facility for Marine recruits being trained at Marine Corps Recruit. It was issued a rifle base but not until 1923. The base was then constructed to what is now UCSD. Camp Callen was a United States Army anti-aircraft artillery replacement training center that was operational during the time of war but was shut down right after World War II had ended. Lastly, there was another Naval Anti- Aircraft Training Center at Bird Rock, or Pacific Beach. This was a site where sailors would take a six-day course on anti-aircraft artillery. It was opened from 1942 to 1945 and trained about 300,000 sailors to shoot down aircrafts. In a separate and very small room, was a Japanese American side and point of view during the war. It was set up to look like what s room at the internment camps looked like. â€Å"Most Japanese were interned in 10 camps in remote areas of seven western states. No claim of humane intent could change the reality-these were concentration camps. (pg. 736). The room only included a bed and a suitcase which included bedding, a book and one outfit. On the largest wall was a map that displayed the location of all of the internment camps in the U.S and a copy of a poster of instructions for the Japanese living in these rooms. â€Å"Local newspapers there expressed confidence in the loyalty of Japanese Americans, who in any case were crucial to Hawaii’s economy(pg.736)† The room also displayed many newspaper articles, including one from the Los Angeles Examiner on March 23, 1942 announcing relocation of Japanese Americans from Los Angeles to internment camps. It was good to see an example of what kind of media was out during the time. Also in the room was the story of Hiomi Nakamura, a La Jollian born Japanese American who was first transported to a permanent relocation internment camp site, and later drafted to play a role in the was at a laboratory. Also, in this room I found my second artifact, small carvings. In all of the internment camps, people began making what they needed with whatever materials they could find. Scrap lumber became furniture, found metal became knives and for fun, scrap wood was carved into small, painted birds. These carvings were scrap wood paint metal which women also used as jewelry. To the right of this room continues on to an even smaller room. This part of the exhibit was the â€Å"blackout† room, covered with thick black sheets much like those were used by residents at the time to keep light inside their houses. People were so afraid the Japanese would attack that they had to turn out all of their lights at night. Blackouts were enacted to prevent enemy aircraft from reaching their targets by sight. They also helped prevent ships from being viewed in silhouette against the shore, and vulnerable to attack by enemy submarines. Traffic lights and car lights were covered in a way that would deflect their beams to the ground. This is where another one of my artifacts was inspired, a black sheet. These sheets were a source of protection and I feel it exploits a sense of nationalism as well. The community as a whole worked together in order to make sure all the light in their society was turned off. Nationalism is brought up many times in our textbook startin g with the growth of corporate businesses, to the acts of citizens during all three wars. Finally, came the last and second largest room. In this room I found my two remaining artifacts. This part of the exhibit displayed both men and women’s role during the war. It included stories from women who were living at home, while their men were at war. It provided the perspective of what it was like to be a women or even young mother in La Jolla in the 1940’s. Alongside of the roles played living on the home front, it also displayed the new roles women took inside the war itself. â€Å"World War II brought an end to the military as an exclusive male enclave that women entered only as nurses (pg.730).† At first the government discouraged women who wanted to perform some kind of military service. It soon became clear that the war was going to demand more than the government had expected. Women began to do technical jobs normally performed by men. One of the artifacts that I chose from this room was a nurse’s robe from the Red Cross. This robe was not just your typical plain robe but was covered in patches of each army man they had helped. I was barely able to even see any white apart of the original robe. I chose this artifact because it truly portrayed the crucial role women also played in the war. Our textbook gives us a brief overview from the changes of roles women played during the time of war, but the number of patches on this robe opened my eyes to how much more of an important factor these nurses played taking on a great amount of soldiers. The number of men these women helped were astounding, definitely portraying how import a women’s role was. On the other side of the room was a glassed display of a US Army Air force uniform from 1943-1945. It was considered to be the â€Å"Eisenhower jacket,† based on General Eisenhower. In the display were also a M1903 Springfield Rifle and a M1 Grand Rifle alongside what seemed to be a map. The other artifact that I chose from this room was a silk scar f. Now this long silk scarf had nothing to do with fashion, but proved to be a crucial navigation tool during the war. Allied pilots were issued with these scarves that had detailed maps of enemy territory printed on them. The silk scarves also denoted railroads, canals, roads, frontier, churches and lighthouses. Air Power Shrinks the Globe on page 743 of our textbook discusses the growth of airplanes over the period of time of war. â€Å"The Wellington flew 255 miles an hour and cruised as high as 12,000 feet, with a range of 2,200 miles, whereas the new B-29s could travel more than 350 miles an hour, at altitudes up to 30,000 feet, with a range of up to 5,000 miles. (Pg. 743)† At the time, this was a massive step in the evolution of aircrafts and aircrafts at war, but if we compare this to the type of technology we have in our airplanes it cannot compare. Many of us cannot find our ways around our own city without using our mobile devices to navigate us. These pilots were u sing maps printed on scarves to help direct them around! It is incredible. I believe that the site gave an exceptional insight of how life was like prior, during and after World War 11. Each room explained its story well by the display of artifacts, photographs and touching oral stories it presented. The facility was well outlined timeline which exposed a sequence of events. The exhibit related perfectly to the content of this class with all the information and artifacts it presented. Many of the things presented corresponded with what the book had to say about World War II, along with a lot of new material as well. Overall, I was very pleased to have been able to take a day off and visit the La Jolla Historical Society. I was able to learn a great deal of new material which contributed to a better understanding of what times were like during the war, not only as a nation but to the residents of La Jolla.

Technology in Schools Essay

While some may argue that technology can decrease the engagement of the students and â€Å"may seriously mess up children's informational metabolism† (Source C), if used in the right environment and context, technology can, in fact, engage students even more. When used in an educational way, a laptop or tablet can be exactly what a student needs to get their undivided attention. Kids already live in a day and age where the internet and its mountains of information are available at the touch of a finger.When they go to school and are forced to use traditional dictionaries and encyclopedias, it's like being reinserted back to the Stone Age. Why not build 2 that Empire High School in Arizona is making â€Å"the laptops the key ingredient of the cake†. By adjusting school to the student's needs, you can make them more engaged. Some critics of this technology claim that the internet is a scary place that â€Å"it's also full of lies, garbage, and pornography so revolting yo u can't even describe. † (Source E). Haven't you ever heard of web filters? Apparently not.However, despite their doubts, there are many ways to ensure that the students are kept on track and stay away from these oh-so Cary websites. Besides, its not like this is a new problem; most schools have computers readily available for their students to use and have already solved this problem through previously stated methods. At this point there's no arguing that technology would only serve to increase the engagement Of the students in the classroom, not hinder it. Another aspect to consider is whether or not the technology will increase the ease of learning in the classroom.By allowing students to access the internet to communicate with the teacher and other students, you make the learning process easier. Many schools are allowing students to post assignments online â€Å"so other students can easily read and critique them† (Source B). In a way, switching to technology is lik e switching to a different tool. Let's say a farmer plants crops using the same tools his family has used for generations. When a new cheaper and more efficient tool comes out it would be irrational for the farmer to continue using his old tools for the sake of tradition.By switching to technology we are changing a task that was once done using pencil and paper, but â€Å"today belongs to the zeroes and ones† source D). Despite the facts, some people are still skeptical and question if this new technology will affect the children's ability to learn. Writer Esther Tyson asks if the children â€Å"will†¦ Be able to discern cause and effect, put together a coherent story line, think scientifically, [or] read a book with a single 3 argument rather than a set of essays? † (Source C). This argument is falsified due to the fact that a child's ability to learn isn't solely dependent On the tools they use to do so.This same situation occurred years ago when schools Egan to first put computers into the classrooms and libraries of schools. These new computers would not be able to determine whether or not one student is better than another. If a student is smart and a hard worker, the different technologies they use to do their work won't change those characteristics about them; it will only allow them to do what they do faster. While some cases might deter the learning process, its obvious that when considering the simplicity of learning in the classroom, technology is the way to go.The last thing to consider when switching to technology is how it will affect he relationship between the teacher and the student. By becoming more technologically capable, the teacher is able to bridge the generation gap that once separated the old and the new. For many years there has been a struggle for teachers to feel on the same level as their students and be able to understand what they need in order to learn. With technology, they can become closer to their students and perhaps be able to bond with those that once thought of their teachers as nothing more than strangers.Also, it allows students and teachers to communicate outside the classroom through arums and blobs so that the student can get extra help and the teacher can understand what they need to work on. Through this process, â€Å"the educators are beginning to interact with students, parents, and each other in ways they never have before. † (Source B). Through technology, we can better connect students and teachers to make learning more enjoyable. As time goes on the technology that humans develop seems to get crazier and crazier. With motion sensing and AD devices, its almost unbelievable that our generation will live to see these things established.

Core Beliefs and Practices of Islam

Core Beliefs and Practices of Islam Introduction In the context of Muslim world, globalization generally refers to the global spread of ideas, cultures, institutions and attitudes, which are normally perceived to have originated from the west. With this regard, globalization is normally perceived as being equivalent to westernization in the context of Islam core beliefs and practices. As a result of this, globalization is perceived as a form of external threat to the Islamic religion (Mazrui 56).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Core Beliefs and Practices of Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The anti-globalization in Islam can be significantly attributed to the fact that cultural identity is an important aspect of Islamic religion, and therefore any occurrence that attempts to integrate the universal culture serves to undermine the doctrines of the religion (Tarabichi 78). This implies that the cultural exchange aspect associated with glob alization is one of the core reasons why Muslims view globalization as having a negative influence on their core beliefs and practices of the Islam (Tarabichi 100). There are different conflicting views regarding the effects that globalization impose on the Islamic beliefs and practices, making the subject a contentious that is yet to determine whether Muslims are actually against globalization as a whole or some certain aspects of globalization that have imposed negative influence on the aspect of cultural identity, which is a core characteristic of Islamic religion. Some of argue that globalization has helped in the strengthening of Islamic fundamentalism. This paper discusses the relationship between Islam and globalization, with a principal focus on the ways through which globalization are perceived to undermine the Islamic beliefs and practices. This essay strongly suggests that globalization is a challenge towards the Islamic core beliefs and practices that are determined by t he Islamic cultural identity. This is because globalization has accelerated the aspect of western homogeny in the Muslim world. As a result, it can be perceived as a threat to the Islamic values and principles (Mazrui 102). Despite this potential threat, it is arguably evident that globalization cannot be avoided; as a result, the Muslim community can grab the opportunity presented by globalization to spread the Islamic beliefs, practices and cultural identity at the global level. Globalization The aspect of globalization is broad and covers various aspects that are aimed at integration of the world such as social, economic, cultural and political systems. The principal focus of this paper is to assess the cultural integration aspect of globalization and its relationship to the Islamic beliefs and practices.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Culture is consid ered to be an inherent aspect that is the core of the whole globalization process (Tarabichi 140). This implies that an assessment of cultural globalization is vital in order to have an in depth understanding of the reactions of the Muslim community towards globalization. It is also important to take into account the fact that globalization is an ongoing process that results to the unification of the social relations across the global divide (Mazrui 125). The aspect of social process implies that globalization supersedes any forms of cultural, geographical and political constraints in order to ensure global integration of the core aspects of globalization (Tarabichi 152). The potential outcome of cultural globalization is that it will impose a single global culture, implying that cultural diversity and individual choice are likely to be a thing of the past if the various cultural and religious units are not keen enough to resist cultural globalization in order to preserve the values , principles, beliefs and practices associated with their religion and culture (Mazrui 130). Mazrui defines globalization as the sum of cumulative processes that result to a preservation of the cultural traits of the dominant group, whereas the cultural traits of the less dominant groups are assimilated into the dominant culture (Mazrui 145). The Islamic religion presently comprises of approximately 20 percent of the global culture, and at the same time, the western culture is the dominant culture at the global level. The visible consequence of globalization is the spread of cultural aspects of a particular culture at the global level, resulting to absorption of the local cultures in a given region, implying that the dominant culture is likely to be transformed into the global culture. In the current context of globalization, it is arguably evident that the western culture, sometimes perceived as the American culture is gradually being distributed to other parts of the globe, implyi ng that local cultural identity and religious beliefs are likely to be absorbed by the western culture (Tarabichi). In addition, cultural globalization normally imposes changes regarding the daily routine lives, interpretations concerning the meaning of life and provides alternative approaches towards the daily life. The cultural identity of the Islamic religion Culture can be defined as behavior and ideas that are common to a particular group, which are socially acquired (Tarabichi 100). Culture exhibits some form of specificity owing to the fact that they are not similar. The culture of a particular group normally defines their social life, thoughts and individual behavior, which in turn influence the principles, values, beliefs, practices and the manner in which the group interacts with individuals of another cultural grouping.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Core Beliefs and Practices of Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural identity on the other hand can be described as an essential part of a person’s psyche that serves to identify with one’s own culture, and is usually an outcome of cultural interaction (Tarabichi 102). It is important to note that cultural identity is subject to changes when a person is exposed to different cultural environments. Some of the components that make the cultural identity include religion, beliefs, practices, rituals, language and so on (Tarabichi 105). Islam is usually perceived as a social religion because it lays emphasis on the group life instead of basing on an individualistic approach; this has played a significant role in shaping the Islamic cultural identity, which is supposed to be observed by the entire Muslim community (Mazrui 145). A core aspect of the Muslim culture is that it entails a vibrant aspect of moderation, implying that it attempts to harmonize both the spiritual and material aspects of the individual p ersonality. The Muslim culture is does not just impose sheer limitations on their beliefs and practices. The cultural identity of the Muslim can be argued to be based on a dynamic pattern, which in most cases is misunderstood by the secular population and sometimes the Muslim community itself (Mazrui 150). The significant difference that exists between the secular western culture and the Islamic culture is the emphasis on the devotion to one God. It is arguably evident that Islamic faith is applicable to all aspects of life of its believers such as spiritual beliefs and practices, law, governance and way of life. Despite the fact that Muslims across the global divide have different cultural traits, it is evident that they share some universal cultural identity, beliefs and practices owing to the fact that they are all Muslims (Mazrui 163). For example, the cultural characteristics of the Muslim community in Malaysia are not similar to the cultural characteristics of the Muslim commu nity of Saudi Arabia. Irrespective of this, they are both guided by the universal principle and values in accordance with Islamic religion. The Islamic cultural identity has core foundations on faith, emphasis on constructive work and humanism, which are used to strengthening the optimism, confidence, and righteousness, appreciation of beauty, flexibility and openness (Tarabichi 136). The relationship between globalization and the cultural identity of the Islam religion Globalization serves to accelerate the domination of western culture across the globe. In fact, globalization is one of the direct outcomes of the spreading out of the concept of westernization as evident through economic dominance, colonization and cultural retribution (Mazrui 158).Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, the western culture is gradually being integrated into the Muslim world, implying the meaning and the significance attached to the Islam cultural identity is bound to be lost during the process of globalization. The basic implication from this is that globalization poses a significant challenge to the integrity of minority cultures (Tarabichi 180). The Islam cultural distinctiveness has faced some significant cultural pressures from the western culture. Because of globalization, the cultural uniqueness of the Islam religion has been faced with two conflicting alien cultures, which mainly comprises of the secularized pop culture that has been accelerated by the media, and the American (western) culture, which has been imposed by increasing modernization that is bound to integrate the values of the western culture into the Islamic culture. Globalization has resulted into an inclination of nons of this include the global brands such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Nike, Adidas and ma ny more. These global brands are founded on the values of the western culture, with their premise focusing on a world culture that embraces materialism and strives towards the achievement of greater wealth (Tarabichi 175). The implication here is that the culture of the west is characterized by a hegemonic power, which results to an increase in the domination of the culture in the rest of the rest of the globe as it is becoming assimilated by people. The Muslim community is not an exception to hegemonic nature of the culture, beliefs and practices of the west. The culture of the west is considered to be a value-free culture, sometimes referred to as an open culture that embraces all the other cultural variables on an easy access platform (Tarabichi 201). As a result, there are minimal or complete restrictions concerning the display of pornographic content. This is widely evident as the numerous television broadcasters. Movies, books, websites and magazines are promoting and commerci alizing pornographic content. The young generations are usually the prey of such a rotted culture. The worldwide media is under the control of the west because they are the key determinants of what is published, watched and learned. The Muslim community on the other hand lacks a powerful media that can help in influencing and competing with the global media moguls (Mazrui 200). Because of this, there is a likely hood that the aspect of western media hegemony is likely to continue, which can result to a replacement of the Islamic cultural identity, values, practices and beliefs. In this era of globalization, the media is an important factor that shapes the way of life ranging from eating, dressing, behavior patterns, family matters (Mazrui 201). The international media and the increasing popularity of the culture of the west have played a significant role in spreading the western values. An observation of the current trends reveals that the there is cultural identity crisis, which is likely to affect cultural groups that are more conservative such Islam cultural identity. For instance, the introduction of the TV show named American Idol resulted to an introduction of the same in Malaysia, which was called the Malaysian Idol. In addition, the recent ignorance of the aspect of female covering, referred to as ‘awrah’, which is one of the most serious violations of the Islamic values and principles (Tarabichi 214). Despite the fact that globalization has some additional benefits to some of the elements of the core Islamic beliefs and practices; regarding culture, aspects of education and information, globalization is arguably a challenge, and in most cases not compatible with the general Islamic aspects of human life, patterns of behavior, values and cultural principles (Mazrui 200). This is because through the concept of globalization, the western culture gets to spread throughout the world and undermine the Islamic values and principles. An overview of the global pattern for exchange of information reveals that most of the information contests are under the control of the westerners. An outcome of this is that the core aspects of Islamic religious values and principles do not have any adequate presentation in the media. Instead, the Muslim and Islamic culture is presented negatively in the theatres, movies and some television broadcasting channels. The most common form of presentation of the Muslim culture is associating Islamic religion as a whole with the terrorism and people who are backward in their undertakings. The implication from these findings is that the Islamic values and principles are being challenged by the concept of globalization, resulting to a dreadful portrayal of the Islamic values, beliefs and principles (Tarabichi 220). In the current context of a world characterized by globalization, most of the members of the Muslim community have disregarded their authentic cultural identity as most of them are influenc ed by the hegemony of the western culture through aspects such as music, lifestyle and dressing. Some of the western pop culture entails heavy metal music, obscene music and rap music. In addition, the traditional Arabic songs are gradually adopting the musical aspects of the western culture such as sexual contents (Tarabichi 236). The underlying reason for prohibiting heavy metal music in Islamic culture is that it usually derails the mind from remembering the cultural values and principles of the Islam religion, which means that they result to lack of celebration of Allah, which in turn results to profanity (Mazrui 230). The eclipse of other cultures, especially the Islamic principles, beliefs and practices can be attributed to the onset of the western way of life because the Islamic youth are gradually lured to the generational change initiated the concept of cultural globalization. Symbols associated with the western culture are found almost everywhere in the world, implying tha t people around the globe have embraced the western way of life. For instance, most of the young populations across the global divide are always listening to music from pop artists such as Michal Jackson, living their lifestyle in accordance with the western celebrities and so on (Tarabichi 258). An inference that can be made from this observation is that cultural globalization is simply accelerating the process of domination of the western culture. An outcome of this is that cultures are bound to be westernized in almost every aspect of life, and the Islamic cultural identity is the most susceptible to this westernization of cultures across the globe. Owing to the fact that the larger Muslim community is against this aspect of cultural globalization, the Islamic culture as a whole, beliefs and practices are negatively affected and in most cases looked down upon as being behind the changing times. The Muslim community is gradually being assimilated to the western culture. Therefore, it can be inferred that globalization is a challenge to the Islamic cultural identity, values, principles, beliefs and practices (Mazrui 238). One of the core aspects of culture that is facing a challenge by the concept of globalization is language. Currently, English is perceived as the global language, which in most cases takes an American form and is constantly trying to serve as a replacement for other authentic languages in the globe. English is basically used for global communication as evident in the electronic media, print media, educational institutions and most of the avenues through which global affairs are communicated. However, according to the Islamic practices and beliefs as in the Holy Quran, Arabic language is mainly for people to have an understanding of the Quran and other important aspects of the Islamic culture (Mazrui 241). Arabic also requires a similar accord since it is an important aspect of the language culture of the Islamic religion that should not be o verlooked. Furthermore, most of the educational curriculums deployed in most parts of the globe are based on English and the western form of education. This curriculum is not compatible with the Islamic cultural identity because it incorporates aspects such as secular values of the western culture, which are in contrary with the spiritual and divine principles and values of the Islamic culture (Mazrui 201). Most of the Muslim scholars have argues that fast food chains such as Mc Donald’s have played a significant role in facilitating cultural imperialism. Constant eating at the fast food outlets usually develop individualist behavior among individuals, which is not in concurrence with the Islamic values, principles, beliefs and practices. For instance, the speedy lifestyle means that members in a family cannot find enough time take their meals together. The fast food culture is affecting mostly the young generations, and it servers to undermine the family values of taking mea ls together. The consequence of the speedy lifestyle is not always visible in the Islamic culture; it has significant effects through the creation of a society that is individualistic, and devoid of social bonding at the family level (Tarabichi 239). It is arguably evident that cultural globalization is a significant challenge to the larger Islamic values, principles, patterns of behavior, beliefs, practices and the way of life. As noted above, globalization serves to accelerate the hegemony of the western culture that perceives the Islamic values, principles, beliefs and practices as being backward, and therefore, the Islamic cultural aspects are significantly looked upon. In addition, cultural globalization facilitates the spread of societal culture that is devoid of moral values, which are mostly strange and incompatible with the Islamic cultural identity (Tarabichi 258). Irrespective of the negative influences of the cultural globalization on the Islamic cultural values, beliefs and practices, some scholars have stated that the cultural globalization has significant benefits at the individual and national level. The cultural globalization process has resulted to positive influence at the cultural identity of a person. Most of them argue that the positive influences of globalization outweigh the negative influences of globalization. For instance, they propose that cultural hegemony is beneficial owing to that fact that it results to cultural integration and elimination of cultural barriers, which is essential in fostering brotherhood among the human population (Tarabichi 248). The proposition that cultural globalization serves to reformulate the Islamic cultural identity in the sense that Islam is not only perceived as a religion, rather a complete way of life, which is mostly referred to as ‘one religion, one culture’ in the context of Islamic discourse. Furthermore, cultural globalization also tends to enhance individual freedom and helps in the revitalization of cultural aspects and beliefs (Tarabichi 157). However, the basis of this essay is that despite the healthy cultural exchange associated with cultural globalization; most of the instances have negative influences on the values, principle, beliefs and practices of the Islamic religion. Cultural globalization is perceived as the process through which the western cultural values are distributed across the globe (Tarabichi 263). The basic argument is the globalization is one of the contributing factors that accelerate the process of westernization across the global divide, which results to the domination and the strengthening of the western cultural aspects compared to cultures that are less dominant at the global context such as the Islamic cultural identity and their associated religious beliefs, values and practices. For instance, the aspect of female covering is widely considered as backwardness in the context of the western culture, while at the same time mingl ing with people of opposite sex freely is considered a cultural practice that is superior. This is a perfect example of the dilution of the Islamic cultural values and identity. In addition, this serves to compromise the Islamic religion culture, and poses as a threat to the core Islamic practices and beliefs (Mazrui 270). Furthermore, cultural globalization fosters the creation of a secular society that is devoid of the religion, implying that the there is a possibility of the role of Islam religion being subject to diminish, which is likely completely destroy the Islamic culture. The recurring fact from this is that the aspect of cultural globalization is a challenge that the Muslim community must face in order to preserve the cultural identity of the Islamic religion. As a result, the Muslim community across the global divide has to re-evaluate the western culture, and be satisfied with the spiritual guidelines, beliefs, principles and practices that are outlined in the Holy Qura n. Additionally, negative aspects of a specific culture should be removed before being assimilated into the Islamic way of life. Revitalization of the cultural identity of the Islamic religion It is arguably evident that the cultural identity of the Islamic religion is facing a crisis in this current era of globalization. The Muslim community needs to re-examine the approaches regarding the aspect of negative influences of cultural globalization on their religious beliefs, values and practices. In this era of globalization, it is important for Muslims to stick strictly to the teachings of Islam as outlined in the Holy Quran, which is the only effective way of maintaining the cultural identity (Mazrui 258). The cultural aspect of acquiring knowledge is required in Islamic discourse in this current era of globalization. It is arguably evident that this is the most significant crisis that the Muslim community is currently facing. Because of the moral and social connotations associated with knowledge, the Prophet suggests that knowledge acquisition is mandatory for every Muslim individual (Tarabichi 256). The increasing levels of development that are witnessed in the west can be related back to the focus towards knowledge acquisition an effective manner. The significant limitation to this approach is that most of the Muslim countries are still functioning under the old traditional methodologies in most of the educational curriculum and syllabus, with limited interest concerning research. This implies that it is essential for the Muslim community to develop a new curriculum that integrates both rational knowledge and revealed knowledge, which will in turn encourage the larger Muslim community towards research. It is arguably evident that a partial lack of critical thinking is one of the contributing factors that resulted to the cultural identity crisis that the Muslim community is currently facing (Tarabichi 235). Muslims in this current era of globalization tend t o disregard their Islamic cultural practices and beliefs and follow the western culture without taking into consideration the negative consequences of the western culture. In addition, the paper has proved that a majority of the aspects of western culture are not compatible and appropriate with the values, beliefs and practices of the Islam religion; as a result, they are not appropriate for emulation by the Muslims. The Muslim community should aim at following cultural traits that conform to the teachings of Islam and their ideologies of religion as outlined in the Quran and Allah’s prescriptions. The Muslims should also evaluate every cultural traits, beliefs and practices basing on the divine guidance outlined in the Quran and Sunnah, which will play an important role in increasing their ability to handle the increasing pressures of cultural globalization on the entire Islamic cultural values and redirect it towards appropriate direction. With these in practice, cultural g lobalization can have positive impacts through influencing universal unity of the human race, in combination with a cultural exchange that is healthy and prosperous. However, the Muslims must clearly and rationally evaluate the cultural aspects that are being embraced at the global arena. Cultural globalization is an inevitable force in the present times, and this has played a significant role in integrating all the aspects of human life such as behavioral patterns, governance, lifestyle and social relations (Tarabichi 270). As a result, this is a perfect opportunity for the Muslim community to propagate its Islamic cultural traits, values, beliefs and practices to a global level. Spreading the Islamic culture is in concurrence with the teachings of Islam, with the main objective of influencing the world using the various aspects of Muslim culture. It is for this reason that the Muslim community needs to adhere strictly to their cultural identity in all aspects of human life. Basica lly, Muslims need to be vigilant concerning emerging cultural trends that are bound to have a negative effect on the Islamic religious values, principles, beliefs and practices (Tarabichi 280). Presently, the Muslim community comprises of different sects and groupings, which are mostly due to selfish reasons and personal interests. This means that the larger Muslim community should attempt at establishing a supreme Ummatic cultural identity and focus on brotherhood with the principal objective undertaking the task as ‘Khalifah’ during the human life on earth. Their main duty is to achieve the pleasure of Allah by use of commitment and dedication, which are one of the core Islamic principles. As a result, all elements that attempt to enhance individualism among the members of the Muslim community should be eliminated at all costs. Media is one of the principle facilitators of culture transmission across the globe; basing on this, the Muslim community is required to have many media houses that are dominant and influential within the global context in order to facilitate competition with the dominant world cultures such as the western culture. For instance, Iran has undertaken initiatives to develop movies that have portray the values, beliefs and practices of the Islamic religion. A development of a strong and influential media is one of the most effective initiatives that the Muslim can use to influence the global culture and spread its values, beliefs and practices to the global level (Tarabichi 254). The development of a strong moral trait by the members of the Muslim community helps in protecting them from the influences of the immoral cultural traits. Morality and value-based Islamic culture that integrates with all the aspects of life is integral in ensuring that the Islamic values and principles are strictly followed by the Muslim community, since it will help in the rejection of other cultures that serve to undermine the Islamic values and b eliefs during this era of globalization (Mazrui 258). The family set up is an important element of the Islamic cultural identity that should be relied on fostering positive moral values and teachings of Islam. In addition, it is a potential method that can be used for enhancing social bonding, which is important in upholding the Islamic values. In the context of Islamic discourse, the family is perceived as a unique institution that can be used for transmitting the Islamic social values, principles, beliefs and practices, language and influencing individual patterns of behavior. The significant limitation witnessed in the present Muslim world is that increasing tendency of the family set up to be broken down in many of the Muslim nations, which has negative influences on the young generation of the Muslim community. The basic argument is that members of the Muslim community have the responsibility of strengthening the ties within the family set up in order to enhance the Islamic cul tural identity (Mazrui 287). Proper dressing codes for both the Muslim males and females are required and should be followed strictly among the Muslim community. In essence, clothing is not supposed to be closely fitting in order to eliminate the potent of unwanted attention because of the revealing of the body curves. The marriage institutions are also regulated in accordance to the values and principles of Islamic culture, and the instances associated with the breaking of the family set up and weakening of the family ties should be eliminated at all costs. This means that the purity of marriage requires adequate protection. This entails prohibition of same sex marriages and controlling the aspect of sexual liberalization. It is also important that Muslim women should not be limited only to the family life because they need to benefit from the aspect of freedom of choice and work in accordance to the limitations imposed by the Shari’ah law by upholding decency and humility ( Mazrui 258). Muslim reactions to the onset of globalization There are diverse reactions of the Muslim society towards globalization; with a general consensus being that the Muslims reactions towards globalization is defensive, with the principal reason for this rejection being the penetration of the western culture into the Islamic cultural values, institutions and customs. This means that globalization is perceived as a form of surrendering to a dominant standpoint that lacks authenticity as expected in Islamic beliefs and practices (Tarabichi 257). Islam is a religion that functions under its own set of laws that are vital in shaping the way of life of the Muslim community. The rejection towards globalization by the Islamic religion based on the viewpoint that most of the elements of the concept of globalization are not concurring with the Islamic law, resulting to an Islamic community that is constantly defensive towards the perceived influences that globalization, or rather west ernization is likely to have on the Muslim beliefs and practices. Conclusion This paper analyzed the impacts associated with cultural globalization in the context of Muslim world. The analysis identified two potential influences of cultural globalization, with the first perspective being that cultural globalization has positive impacts because it helps in the development of cultural exchange and integration that is health. The second standpoint identified is that cultural globalization has negative influences on the Islamic cultural values, beliefs and practices, because they are constantly degrading the religious values of Islam (Tarabichi 236). This paper stands for the latter viewpoint that cultural globalization is detrimental to the Islamic values, beliefs and principles. It is evident that cultural globalization serves to accelerate the spread of western culture across the globe, which serves to replace the traditional Islamic cultural identity, values, beliefs and practices w ith a post modern culture that undermine the Islamic way of life (Mazrui 258). In addition, the western culture brings secular values into the Islamic culture, resulting to a diluted Islamic culture that is different from the authentic Islam culture that is value-based. The aspect of western culture hegemony in the Muslim world has been driven by media, which are based on the secular values and principles of the west. The basic argument is that the core beliefs, principles, values and practices of the Islamic cultural is being conceded into the western culture, meaning that there is an increasing need for the Muslim community to revitalize the cultural identity of Islam. Therefore, globalization is a challenge towards the Islamic core beliefs and practices that are determined by the Islamic cultural identity. This is because globalization has accelerated the aspect of western homogeny in the Muslim world. As a result, it can be perceived as a threat to the Islamic values and princip les. Despite this potential threat, it is arguably evident that globalization cannot be avoided; as a result, the Muslim community can grab the opportunity presented by globalization to spread the Islamic beliefs, practices and cultural identity at the global level. Mazrui, Ali. Globalization from the Islamic perspective. London: Westminister university, 2000. Print. Tarabichi, George. From Araba renaissance to apostacy: Arab Culture and its discontents in the age of globalization. Beirut: Saqi Books, 2000. Print.

Definition and Examples of Pseudowords

Definition and Examples of Pseudowords A pseudoword is a fake word- that is, a string of letters that resembles a real word (in terms of its orthographic and phonological structure) but doesnt actually exist in the language. Also known as  jibberwacky or a wug word.   Some examples of monosyllabic pseudowords in English are heth, lan, nep, rop, sark, shep, spet,  stip, toin, and  vun. In the study of language acquisition and language disorders, experiments involving the repetition of pseudowords have been used to predict literacy achievement later in life. See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: Ghost WordLiteracyMountweazelNeologismNonce WordNonsense WordStunt Word Examples and Observations Pseudowords are letter strings which have no meaning, but which are pronounceable because they conform to the orthography of the languages include pseudowords such as shum, laip, and cigbet. Pseudowords can be read by application of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules even though the words are not real and have not been encountered in print or in spoken language. Although it has been argued that pseudowords may be read by analogy to words, some awareness of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules and segmentation skills are necessary to read a pseudoword correctly. For example, for a correct reading of the pseudoword dake, it must be segmented into an initial letter d and a rime or word body ake; the latter could be read by analogy to cake, but the sound of d and the segmentation itself are, in fact, phonological processing skills.(Linda S. Siegel, Phonological Processing Deficits and Reading Disabilities. Word Recognition in Beginning Literacy, ed. by Jamie L. Metsala and Linnea C. Ehri. La wrence Erlbaum, 1998) Pseudowords and Brain ActivityIn some studies no differences in brain activation for real words and pseudowords are observed (Bookheimer et al. 1995), indicating that the tasks activate brain regions for orthographic and phonological but not semantic coding. . . . Presenting the same pseudoword repeatedly so that it is no longer an unfamiliar word reduces activity in right lingual gyrus, suggesting that that structure plays a role in learning to recognize familiar words (Frith et al. 1995).(Virginia Wise Berninger and Todd L. Richards, Brain Literacy for Educators and Psychologists. Elsevier Science, 2002) Alternate Spellings: pseudo word, pseudo-word

Cancellation of U.S. Air Force Tanker Program Essay

Cancellation of U.S. Air Force Tanker Program - Essay Example The program however has difficulty getting off the ground and had undergone several calls for Requests for Proposals (RFPs) as controversies and contentious issues regarding contracts and acquisitions had long riddled. In 2004, the program was compelled to shut down when the main players in the negotiation were revealed to be involved in highly unethical issues and in 2008, the program was re-shelved one more time as one of the parties in the negotiations filed a bidding protest with GAO. At present, the AF prepares for its third attempt to hold a bidding of the project. The US Air Force tankers are aircrafts whose primary function is to refuel other aircrafts like fighters, bombers, surveillance aircrafts and other planes used by the Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps while those aircrafts are airborne. The importance of the tankers is that they obviously give US aircrafts power even beyond US borders because they allow these aircrafts to go longer distances and prolong their airborne time. Aerial fueling capability therefore is of critical importance to the country to sustain its superior aerial firefighting and firepower capability in the world (O’Rourke 2009 1). The present tanker fleet of the US Air Force consists of 453 KC-135 Stratotankers (see Fig. 1) built by Boeing, many of which were acquired by the Air Force (AF hereafter) as early as 1957 with the latest batch acquired in 1967. The average age of the Stratotankers is 47 years old. A much younger model, the KC-10 was also acquired by the AF in 1981 but there are only 59 of them (O’Rourke 2009 2-3). US policymakers had been concerned with the ageing state of the Stratotankers since the 1990s but it wan in 2002 that concrete steps were taken to remedy the situation. US Congress passed the Leasing Authority Act 2002 which authorized the AF to lease 100 Boeing 767s for a period not more than ten years and modify them into aerial fuel tankers. The

Marketing Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Principles - Essay Example It will help the organization to develop effective future strategies in order to improve business performance. 4Ps of Marketing The 4Ps marketing mix framework will help to determine Coca Cola’s price, place, promotion and product development strategy. Product The Coca Cola Company is the leading manufacturers and distributors of soft drinks. The organization has wide range of differentiated and diverged product line. These strategies helped the organization to ensure significant competitive advantages over its competitors. Aggressive product development and continuous differentiation of products helped the organization to meet the needs and demand of target customers (Dost 14). Recently, the organization faced several legal and social issues regarding high pesticides and calories level in cold drinks. But, the organization started to introduce healthy, differentiated and calorie free soft drinks for target customers to maintain sustainability in business performance and busin ess operation. Price The Coca Cola Company implemented advanced technology in each and every business operation processes. This strategy helped the organization to reduce business operation cost. Low business operation cost helped the organization to implement competitive pricing strategy. ... Most importantly, the Coca Cola Company always motivates is distributors and suppliers to follow the organizational policies (Peterson 29). It actually helps the organization to maintain sustainability. Promotion Coca Cola Company uses different promotional mediums in order to give adverts for existing products. Print and digital media advertisings help the organization to attract children and youths. In addition to this, effective social media advertising or online promotions help the organization to target mass target audience (Carmody 143). Moreover, giving sponsor to popular sporting teams, event and campaigns helps Coca Cola Company to create effective customer awareness. General Costs of Marketing The Coca Cola Company has become the leading organization within the industry due to effective adoption and implementation of brand extension and umbrella branding strategy. Slowly and gradually, the organization is increasing its product portfolio to increase market share meet curren t market demand. It is important for the organization to market this developed product portfolio successfully in order to avoid business losses. Truly, the organization spends a significant part of its business profit in the marketing activities. For example, the organization spent almost 2.9 billion US dollars in USA for promotion purpose. On other hand, the organization spent 2.3 billion Euros in UK to create significant customer awareness. The organization managed to get successful business outcome through these promotional marketing strategies which are aggressively backed by huge marketing cost. However, the organization failed to get success through few products due to limited acceptance of these